Preparation Set 4

Q1: Question-1:

Configure TCP/IP and "hostname" as following:
IP ADDRESS = 192.168.208.138
NETMASK = 255.255.255.0
GATEWAY = 192.168.208.2
DNS = 192.168.208.2
Hostname = serverX.example.com

[root@node1 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname serverX.example.com
[root@node1 ~]# exec bash
 
[root@serverX ~]# nmcli conn modify serverAnet2 ifname ens160 type ethernet ipv4.method manual ipv4.address 192.168.208.138/24 ipv4.dns 192.168.208.2  ipv4.gateway 192.168.208.2

Q2:Configure your servera VM repository installed the packages distribution is available via YUM:

Base OS url = http://192.168.208.137/softwares/BaseOS
App Stream url= http://192.168.208.137/softwares/AppStream

[root@serverX yum.repos.d]# pwd
/etc/yum.repos.d
 
[root@serverX yum.repos.d]# cat appstream.repo
[appstream]
name = appstream
baseurl = http://192.168.208.137/softwares/AppStream
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0
 
[root@serverX yum.repos.d]# cat baseos.repo
[baseos]
name = baseos
baseurl = http://192.168.208.137/softwares/BaseOS
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0
 
[root@serverX yum.repos.d]# yum list all

Q3: SELINUX PORT

In your system, httpd service has some files in /var/www/html (do not change or alter files)
solve the problem, httpd service of your system having some issues, service is not running on port 82.

[root@serverX ~]# systemctl status httpd
[root@serverX ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Listen 8200
# Copy the line from /etc/ssh/sshd_config
semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 8200
 
[root@serverX ~]# semanage port -l | grep 8200
http_port_t                    tcp      8200, 8000, 82, 7788, 5566, 80, 81, 443, 488, 8008, 8009, 8443, 9000
trivnet1_port_t                tcp      8200
trivnet1_port_t                udp      8200
 
[root@serverX ~]# netstat -tnl | grep 82
tcp6       0      0 :::82                   :::*                    LISTEN
 
[root@serverX ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8200/tcp
success
[root@serverX ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens160
  sources:
  services: cockpit dhcpv6-client http mountd nfs ntp rpc-bind ssh
  ports: 82/tcp
  protocols:
  forward: yes
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports:
  source-ports:
  icmp-blocks:
  rich rules:

Q4: Create the following users, groups and group memberships:

(a) A group named admin.
(b) A user harry who belongs to admin as a secondary group.
(c) A user natasha who belongs to admin as a secondary group.
(d) A user sarah who doesn’t have access to an interactive shell and who’s not a member of admin.
(e) The users harry, natasha, sarah should all have a password of “password”

[root@serverX ~]# groupadd admin
[root@serverX ~]# useradd harry -G admin
[root@serverX ~]# useradd natasha -G admin
[root@serverX ~]# useradd sarah -s /sbin/nologin
[root@serverX ~]# echo "password" | passwd --stdin harry
Changing password for user harry.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@serverX ~]# echo "password" | passwd --stdin natasha
Changing password for user natasha.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@serverX ~]# echo "password" | passwd --stdin sarah
Changing password for user sarah.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

Q5. Create a collaborative directory /common/admin with the following characteristics:

(a) Group ownership of /common/admin is admin.
(b) The directory should be readable, writable and accessible to members of admin, but not any other user.
(It is understood that root has access to all files and directories on the system.)
(c) Files created in /common/admin will automatically have group ownership set to the admin group.

[root@serverX common]# chown :admin admin
[root@serverX common]# ls -lh
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root admin 6 Oct 11 13:07 admin
 
[root@serverX common]# chmod g+rwx admin
[root@serverX common]# ls -lh
total 0
drwxrwxr-x. 2 root admin 6 Oct 11 13:07 admin
 
[root@serverX common]# chmod o-rwx admin
[root@serverX common]# ls -lh
total 0
drwxrwx---. 2 root admin 6 Oct 11 13:07 admin
 
[root@serverX common]# chmod g+s admin
[root@serverX common]# ls -lh
total 0
drwxrws---. 2 root admin 6 Oct 11 13:07 admin

Q6: Configure autofs to automount the home directories of netuserX user. Note theFollowing:

netuser1,2,3,4,5 home directory is exported via NFS, which is available on classroom.example.com(192.168.1.43) and your NFS-exports directory is /netdir/netuserX for netuserX (use netuser5 for this)
netuserX's home directory is classroom.example.com:/home/guests/netuserX
netuserX's home directory should be automounted using autofs service.
home directories must be writable by their users on server : change IP address in /etc/exports. Also “systemctl restart nfs-server”

[root@serverX ~]# rpm -q nfs-utils
nfs-utils-2.5.4-27.el9.aarch64
 
[root@serverX /]# vim /etc/auto.master
[root@serverX /]# cat /etc/auto.master
/netdir		/etc/auto.nfs		--timeout=300
 
[root@serverX /]# vim /etc/auto.nfs
[root@serverX /]# cat /etc/auto.nfs
*	-rw,sync	192.168.208.137:/home/guests/&
 
[netuser5@serverX netdir]$ systemctl status autofs
[netuser5@serverX netdir]$ systemctl restart autofs
 
[netuser5@serverX netdir]$ cd netuser5
[netuser5@serverX netuser5]$ ls
u51  u52

Q7: Set a Cron job for harry on 12.30 at noon print /bin/echo on "hello".

[root@serverX ~]# cat /etc/cron.allow
natasha
harry
 
[root@serverX ~]# su - harry
Last login: Fri Oct 11 14:51:21 CST 2024 on pts/1
[harry@serverX ~]$ crontab -e
no crontab for harry - using an empty one
crontab: installing new crontab
[harry@serverX ~]$ crontab -l
30      12      *       *       *       /bin/echo "hello"

Q8: Configure ACL permission copy the file /etc/f1 to /var/tmp. Configure the permission of /var/tmp/f1 so that:

(a)The file /var/tmp/f1 is owned by the root user
(b)The file /var/tmp/f1 belongs to the group root.
(c)The file /var/tmp/f1 should not be executable by anyone.
(d)The user harry is able to read and write on /var/tmp/f1.
(e)The user natasha can neither read nor write /var/tmp/f1.
(f)All other users (current/future) have the ability to read /var/tmp/f1

[root@serverX tmp]# chown root:root fstab
[root@serverX tmp]# ls -lh f1
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 Oct 11 14:56 f1
 
[root@serverX tmp]# chmod u-x,g-x,o-x f1
[root@serverX tmp]# ls -lh f1
-rw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 0 Oct 11 14:56 f1
 
[root@serverX tmp]# setfacl -m u:harry:rw f1
[root@serverX tmp]# getfacl f1
# file: f1
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rw-
user:harry:rw-
group::rw-
mask::rw-
other::rw-
 
[root@serverX tmp]# setfacl -m u:natasha:--- f1
[root@serverX tmp]# getfacl f1
# file: f1
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rw-
user:harry:rw-
user:natasha:---
group::rw-
mask::rw-
other::rw-
 
[root@serverX tmp]# setfacl -m o:r-- f1
[root@serverX tmp]# getfacl f1
# file: f1
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rw-
user:harry:rw-
user:natasha:---
group::rw-
mask::rw-
other::r--

Q9: Configure your system so that it is an NTP pool of 2.centos.pool.ntp.org

[root@serverX ~]# rpm -q chrony
[root@serverX ~]# systemctl status chronyd.service
 
[root@serverX ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
server us.pool.ntp.org iburst
 
[root@serverX ~]# systemctl restart chronyd.service
[root@serverX ~]# timedatectl set-ntp true
 
[root@serverX ~]# timedatectl
               Local time: Fri 2024-10-11 15:09:00 CST
           Universal time: Fri 2024-10-11 07:09:00 UTC
                 RTC time: Fri 2024-10-11 07:09:00
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: no
[root@serverX ~]# chronyc sources
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
^* 155.248.196.28                2   6    17    25  -2353us[+2998us] +/-  175ms

Q10: Find the files owned by harry and copy them to /root/find.user

[root@serverX ~]# find / -type f -user harry -exec cp -rf {} /root/find.user \;

Q11: Create a new user with UID 1326 and user name as alies

[root@serverX ~]# useradd alies -u 1326
[root@serverX ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep alies
alies:x:1326:1326::/home/alies:/bin/bash

Q12: Create an archive file - Backup the /var/tmp directory as /root/test.tar.gz

[root@serverX ~]# tar -zcvf /root/test.tar.gz /var/tmp

Q13: Build a container as harry

Use the URL docker.io/library/httpd to build the container image with the name “web”
Build it in ~/mycontainer. Do not modify the container file

[harry@serverX ~]$ rpm -q container-tools
container-tools-1-14.el9.noarch
 
[harry@serverX ~]$ vim .config/containers/registries.conf
[harry@serverX ~]$ cat .config/containers/registries.conf
unqualified-search-registries = ["docker.io"]
[[registry]]
insecure = false
blocked = false
location = "docker.io"
 
[root@serverX ~]# loginctl enable-linger harry
 
[harry@serverX ~]$ mkdir mycontainer
[harry@serverX mycontainer]$ pwd
/home/harry/mycontainer
 
# Download the Containerfile from this link 
[harry@serverX mycontainer]$ wget http://classroom.example.com/Containerfile
# Check the Containerfile 
[harry@serverX mycontainer]$ cat Containerfile
FROM docker.io/library/httpd
 
[harry@serverX mycontainer]$ podman build -t web .
 
[harry@serverX mycontainer]$ podman images
REPOSITORY               TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
localhost/web            latest      a3e79aafef7f  2 months ago  182 MB
docker.io/library/httpd  latest      a3e79aafef7f  2 months ago  182 MB

Q14: 14. Create a container using an image that you created somewhere in the exam:

Create a container with the user named harry, the container name should be ‘containerweb’
Map ~/web directory to /usr/local/apache2/htdocs in the container
Map port 8080 to port 80 in the container
When you curl localhost:8080 it should read “This is my web page!”
Container should run as a systemd service, so configure it as a service named ‘container-web.service’
Container should run at boot time.

[harry@serverX web]$ pwd
/home/harry/web
[harry@serverX web]$ cat index.html
<h1>This is a website !!</h1>
 
[harry@serverX mycontainer]$ podman run -d -v ~/web:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs:Z -p 8080:80 --name containerweb localhost/web:latest
d4a33b06973c4cf8d467f0c9cc36af0ad6f00661ab37f8a931995919334b7118
[harry@serverX mycontainer]$ podman ps -a
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                 COMMAND           CREATED        STATUS        PORTS                         NAMES
d4a33b06973c  localhost/web:latest  httpd-foreground  5 seconds ago  Up 6 seconds  0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, 80/tcp  containerweb
 
# From root 
[root@serverX ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@serverX ~]# semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 8080
[root@serverX ~]# semanage port -l  | grep 8080
http_cache_port_t              tcp      8080, 8118, 8123, 10001-10010
http_port_t                    tcp      8080, 8200, 8000, 82, 7788, 5566, 80, 81, 443, 488, 8008, 8009, 8443, 9000
 
[harry@serverX user]$ pwd
/home/harry/.config/systemd/user
 
[harry@serverX user]$ podman generate systemd --name containerweb --files --new
[harry@serverX user]$ ls
container-containerweb.service
 
[harry@serverX user]$ podman stop containerweb
containerweb
 
[root@serverX ~]# ssh harry@192.168.208.138
 
[harry@serverX user]$ systemctl --user enable container-containerweb.service
Created symlink /home/harry/.config/systemd/user/default.target.wants/container-containerweb.service → /home/harry/.config/systemd/user/container-containerweb.service.
[harry@serverX user]$ systemctl --user start container-containerweb.service
[harry@serverX user]$ podman ps -a
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                 COMMAND           CREATED        STATUS        PORTS                         NAMES
bef34e67be4b  localhost/web:latest  httpd-foreground  3 seconds ago  Up 3 seconds  0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, 80/tcp  containerweb
 
 
[harry@serverX user]$ curl localhost:8080
<h1>This is a website !!</h1>
 
 
[harry@serverX ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
success
[harry@serverX ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8080/tcp
success
[harry@serverX ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
 
# test from another server
[root@serverB guests]# curl 192.168.208.138:8080
<h1>This is a website !!</h1>

Q15: Set the permissions automatically for a user

All newly created files for user natasha should have -r-------- as the default permission.
All newly created directories for user natasha should have dr-x------ as the default permission.

[root@serverX natasha]# vim .bashrc
 
#~~~~~~~ Calculative Way ~~~~~~~~~
# DIr - 777 - 277 = 500 // 500 -> d r-x --- --- //
# Fil - 666 - 266 = 400 // 266 -> - r-- --- --- //
# Which to use : umask 277 or umask 266
# If umask 277 : dir ( - r-x --- ---  ) / file ( - r-- --- ---  ) :: Matched for both
# If umask 266 : dir ( - r-x --x --x  ) / file ( - r-- --- ---  ) :: Matched for both
 
#~~~~~~~ Simpler Way ~~~~~~~~~
# 666 - 400 = 266 files
# 777 - 500 = 277 folder
# Look at the higher value
 
umask 277

Q16: The password for all new users should expire after 20 days.

[root@serverX ~]# vim /etc/login.defs
PASS_MAX_DAYS   20

Q17: Assign the sudo privilege for users or groups to administrate without a password

[root@serverX ~]# visudo
harry   ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL
%sales  ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD: ALL

Q18: Create a script file: -if the paramater is “GM” it outputs “good morning” -- if it is “GN”, it outputs “good night”

[root@serverX script]# ./script1.sh GM
Good Morning
[root@serverX script]# ./script1.sh GN
Good Night
[root@serverX script]# ./script1.sh GD
No result
[root@serverX script]# cat ./script1.sh
 
if [ $1 == "GM" ]
then
	echo "Good Morning"
elif [ $1 == "GN" ]
then
	echo "Good Night"
else
	echo "No result"
fi

Q19: Set the root user password to break into the system

# Click e in rescue mode 
# add rd.break after quiet then press ctrl+x 
mount -o remount,rw /sysroot
chroot /sysroot 
passwd root 
touch /.autorelabel
exit
remount

Q20: Create a repository file

[root@serverX yum.repos.d]# cat appstream.repo
[appstream]
name = appstream
baseurl = http://192.168.208.137/softwares/AppStream
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0
[root@serverX yum.repos.d]# cat baseos.repo
[baseos]
name = baseos
baseurl = http://192.168.208.137/softwares/BaseOS
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 0
[root@serverX yum.repos.d]# yum list all | less
# yum clean all
# yum makecache
[root@serverX yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
 
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
 
repo id                                               repo name                                             status
appstream                                             appstream                                             enabled
baseos                                                baseos                                                enabled

Q21: Create a swap partition of 512MB at /dev/sdb

[root@serverX ~]# gdisk /dev/nvme0n3
 
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (3-128, default 3):
First sector (34-12582878, default = 7342080) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (7342080-12582878, default = 12582878) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +512M
Current type is 8300 (Linux filesystem)
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): L
Type search string, or <Enter> to show all codes: swap
8200 Linux swap                          a502 FreeBSD swap
a582 Midnight BSD swap                   a901 NetBSD swap
bf02 Solaris swap
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8200
Changed type of partition to 'Linux swap'
 
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/nvme0n3: 12582912 sectors, 6.0 GiB
Model: VMware Virtual NVMe Disk
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 84E0270F-9D78-4CBA-9023-AB303101E681
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 12582878
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 4194237 sectors (2.0 GiB)
 
Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         1050623   512.0 MiB   8200  Linux swap
   2         1050624         7342079   3.0 GiB     8E00  Linux LVM
   3         7342080         8390655   512.0 MiB   8200  Linux swap
 
Command (? for help): w
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
The operation has completed successfully.
 
[root@serverX ~]# mkswap /dev/nvme0n3p3
[root@serverX ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@serverX ~]# tail -1 /etc/fstab
/dev/nvme0n3p3		swap		swap		defaults	0	0
 
[root@serverX ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@serverX ~]# swapon -a
 
[root@serverX ~]# lsblk
NAME              MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
...
nvme0n3           259:5    0    6G  0 disk
└─nvme0n3p3       259:11   0  512M  0 part [SWAP]
 
[root@serverX ~]# free -h
               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3.5Gi       1.1Gi       1.9Gi        25Mi       764Mi       2.4Gi
Swap:          3.0Gi          0B       3.0Gi

Q22: Resize the logical volume "datastore-engineering" size to 20 extents.

[root@serverX ~]# gdisk /dev/nvme0n3
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (4-128, default 4):
First sector (34-12582878, default = 8390656) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (8390656-12582878, default = 12582878) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Current type is 8300 (Linux filesystem)
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): L
Type search string, or <Enter> to show all codes: lv
8e00 Linux LVM
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8e00
Changed type of partition to 'Linux LVM'
 
Command (? for help): p
Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         1050623   512.0 MiB   8200  Linux swap
   2         1050624         7342079   3.0 GiB     8E00  Linux LVM
   3         7342080         8390655   512.0 MiB   8200  Linux swap
   4         8390656        12582878   2.0 GiB     8E00  Linux LVM
 
Command (? for help): w
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
The operation has completed successfully.
 
[root@serverX ~]# partprobe /dev/nvme0n3
 
[root@serverX ~]# pvcreate /dev/nvme0n3p4
  Physical volume "/dev/nvme0n3p4" successfully created.
[root@serverX ~]# pvs
  PV             VG     Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/nvme0n1p3 cs     lvm2 a--  18.41g     0
  /dev/nvme0n2   myvg   lvm2 a--  <5.00g <4.00g
  /dev/nvme0n3p2 wgroup lvm2 a--   2.98g  2.20g
  /dev/nvme0n3p4        lvm2 ---  <2.00g <2.00g
 
[root@serverX ~]# vgcreate -s 10 datastore /dev/nvme0n3p4
  Volume group "datastore" successfully created
[root@serverX ~]# vgs
  VG        #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  cs          1   2   0 wz--n- 18.41g     0
  datastore   1   0   0 wz--n-  1.99g  1.99g
  myvg        1   1   0 wz--n- <5.00g <4.00g
  wgroup      1   1   0 wz--n-  2.98g  2.20g
 
[root@serverX ~]# lvcreate --name engineering -l 20 datastore
  Logical volume "engineering" created.
[root@serverX ~]# lvs
  LV          VG        Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root        cs        -wi-ao----  16.41g
  swap        cs        -wi-ao----   2.00g
  engineering datastore -wi-a----- 200.00m
  mylv        myvg      -wi-a-----   1.00g
  wshare      wgroup    -wi-ao---- 800.00m
[root@serverX ~]# lvdisplay /dev/datastore/engineering
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/datastore/engineering
  LV Name                engineering
  VG Name                datastore
  LV UUID                5ApWGI-aN0B-301A-2mNG-yos0-vF9a-zsJWBp
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time serverX.example.com, 2024-10-12 09:25:33 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                200.00 MiB
  Current LE             20
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:4
 
[root@serverX ~]# lvextend -L +100M /dev/datastore/engineering
  Size of logical volume datastore/engineering changed from 200.00 MiB (20 extents) to 300.00 MiB (30 extents).
  Logical volume datastore/engineering successfully resized.
 
# Now we can perform the question's answer
[root@serverX ~]# lvs
  LV          VG        Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root        cs        -wi-ao----  16.41g
  swap        cs        -wi-ao----   2.00g
  engineering datastore -wi-a----- 300.00m
  mylv        myvg      -wi-a-----   1.00g
  wshare      wgroup    -wi-ao---- 800.00m
 
[root@serverX ~]# lvreduce -l -10 /dev/datastore/engineering
  No file system found on /dev/datastore/engineering.
  Size of logical volume datastore/engineering changed from 300.00 MiB (30 extents) to 200.00 MiB (20 extents).
  Logical volume datastore/engineering successfully resized.
[root@serverX ~]#
[root@serverX ~]# lvs
  LV          VG        Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root        cs        -wi-ao----  16.41g
  swap        cs        -wi-ao----   2.00g
  engineering datastore -wi-a----- 200.00m
  mylv        myvg      -wi-a-----   1.00g
  wshare      wgroup    -wi-ao---- 800.00m

Q23: Create a vdo named VDO1 of logical size 50GB (actual size 5GB) on sdd, under volume group VG1 and mount it at /vdo_m

[root@serverX ~]# vgs
  VG        #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  VG1         3   2   0 wz--n- <5.48g 488.00m
  cs          1   2   0 wz--n- 18.41g      0
  datastore   1   1   0 wz--n-  1.99g  <1.70g
  myvg        1   1   0 wz--n- <5.00g  <4.00g
  wgroup      1   1   0 wz--n-  2.98g   2.20g
[root@serverX ~]# lvs
  LV          VG        Attr       LSize   Pool   Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  VDO1        VG1       vwi-a-v---  50.00g vpool0        0.00
  vpool0      VG1       dwi-------   5.00g               60.03
  root        cs        -wi-ao----  16.41g
  swap        cs        -wi-ao----   2.00g
  engineering datastore -wi-a----- 300.00m
  mylv        myvg      -wi-a-----   1.00g
  wshare      wgroup    -wi-ao---- 800.00m
 
 
[root@serverX ~]# lvcreate --type vdo -L 5G  --virtualsize 50G --name VDO1 VG1
    The VDO volume can address 2 GB in 1 data slab.
    It can grow to address at most 16 TB of physical storage in 8192 slabs.
    If a larger maximum size might be needed, use bigger slabs.
  Logical volume "VDO1" created.
[root@serverX ~]# lvs
  LV          VG        Attr       LSize   Pool   Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  VDO1        VG1       vwi-a-v---  50.00g vpool0        0.00
  vpool0      VG1       dwi-------   5.00g               60.03
  root        cs        -wi-ao----  16.41g
  swap        cs        -wi-ao----   2.00g
  engineering datastore -wi-a----- 300.00m
  mylv        myvg      -wi-a-----   1.00g
  wshare      wgroup    -wi-ao---- 800.00m
 
[root@serverX ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@serverX ~]# tail -1 /etc/fstab
/dev/VG1/VDO1		/vdo_m		xfs		defaults	0	0
 
[root@serverX ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/VG1/VDO1
meta-data=/dev/VG1/VDO1          isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=3276800 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1    bigtime=1 inobtcount=1 nrext64=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=13107200, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=16384, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
Discarding blocks...Done.
 
[root@serverX ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@serverX ~]# mount -a
[root@serverX ~]# lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
nvme0n4                   259:8    0    5G  0 disk
├─nvme0n4p1               259:13   0    1G  0 part
│ └─VG1-vpool0_vdata      253:5    0    5G  0 lvm
│   └─VG1-vpool0-vpool    253:6    0   50G  0 lvm
│     └─VG1-VDO1          253:7    0   50G  0 lvm  /vdo_m
└─nvme0n4p2               259:16   0    4G  0 part
  └─VG1-vpool0_vdata      253:5    0    5G  0 lvm
    └─VG1-vpool0-vpool    253:6    0   50G  0 lvm
      └─VG1-VDO1          253:7    0   50G  0 lvm  /vdo_m
nvme0n5                   259:9    0    5G  0 disk
└─nvme0n5p1               259:15   0  500M  0 part
  └─VG1-vpool0_vdata      253:5    0    5G  0 lvm
    └─VG1-vpool0-vpool    253:6    0   50G  0 lvm
      └─VG1-VDO1          253:7    0   50G  0 lvm  /vdo_m

Q24: Set the recommended tuned profile for your system.

[root@serverX ~]# rpm -q tuned
tuned-2.24.0-1.el9.noarch
 
[root@serverX ~]# systemctl status tuned
[root@serverX ~]# systemctl start tuned
[root@serverX ~]# tuned-adm recommend
virtual-guest
 
[root@serverX ~]# tuned-adm profile virtual-guest powersave
 
[root@serverX ~]# tuned-adm active
Current active profile: virtual-guest powersave

Q25: Build an application called “rhcsa” that prints the message "Welcome to user ablerate" when you’re logged in as the user "ablerate".

# Without application 
[root@serverX ~]# useradd ablerate
[root@serverX ~]# passwd
 
[root@serverX ~]# su - ablerate
[ablerate@serverX ~]$ vim .bashrc
[ablerate@serverX ~]$ tail -1 .bashrc
echo "Welcome to user ablerate"
 
[root@serverX ~]# su - ablerate
Last login: Sat Oct 12 10:38:04 CST 2024 on pts/1
Welcome to user ablerate
 
# With application 
[ablerate@serverX ~]$ vim .bashrc
[ablerate@serverX ~]$ tail -1 .bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:/home/ablerate/script
[ablerate@serverX ~]$ source .bashrc
Welcome to user ablerate
 
[ablerate@serverX ~]$ echo $PATH
/home/ablerate/.local/bin:/home/ablerate/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/sanjeeb/Script:/home/ablerate/script
 
[ablerate@serverX script]$ vim rhcsa
[ablerate@serverX script]$ cat rhcsa
echo "Welcome to user ablerate"
 
[ablerate@serverX script]$ chmod 777 rhcsa
[ablerate@serverX script]$ ls -lh
total 4.0K
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 ablerate ablerate 32 Oct 12 10:57 rhcsa
 
[root@serverX ~]# su - ablerate
Last login: Sat Oct 12 10:49:08 CST 2024 on pts/1
Welcome to user ablerate